The Science of Being "Hangry"

Do you ever wonder why you become grumpy when you are hungry? Enter the newfound term hangry. Hangry, a combination of the words hungry and angry, is defined as a state of anger caused by lack of food; hunger causing a negative change in emotional state. This term is often used in jest, but there is actually science behind why some people become angry and aggressive when they are hungry.

A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America sought to determine the scientific reason we become hangry. The study participants included 107 couples. The couples were required to check their blood glucose levels twice a day at times when blood sugar is typically low: once in the morning and once before bed in the evening. The participants’ aggression during these times of low blood sugar was measured for 21 days.

Results of the study demonstrated that low glucose levels predicted higher aggressive impulses. This may be because self-control requires energy, which is depleted when your blood sugar is low. 

Additionally, when your blood glucose levels drop to a certain threshold, your body will begin to synthesize and release hormones to increase the amount of glucose in your blood. These hormones include growth hormone, glucagon, epinephrine and cortisol. The latter two hormones are stress hormones. The release of these hormones may lead to impulsive behavior when blood sugar dips.

To avoid becoming hangry, it is important to eat something before you become too hungry and your blood sugar gets too low. Refined carbohydrates, such as sugar and chips, can result in a steep blood sugar spike that leads to a dramatic crash, making you more hangry than before. It is important to eat meals and snacks made with whole foods that are rich in nutrients such as fiber and protein. Foods high in fiber and protein help you stay satisfied for longer periods of time and prevent the blood sugar rollercoaster.

Bottom Line: Do not wait too long in between meals to eat; try to consume a balanced meal or snack every four hours. Plan to bring healthy snack and lunch options to school or work, such as hummus and carrots, Greek yogurt, nuts, apples, edamame or a whole-wheat turkey wrap.

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