Americans
spent over 28 billion dollars on dietary supplements in 2010, despite a lack of
federal regulation and the ongoing debate regarding supplement effectiveness. Dietary
supplement consumption by U.S. college students is greater than in the general adult
population. A recent study assessed the prevalence of supplement use in this
population and the reasons behind dietary supplement use.
In a study
of more than 1,000 students at five universities in the United States, sixty-six
percent of college students reported dietary supplement use. The top reason
cited for taking supplements was to improve general health. However, it has not
been shown that these supplements provide any actual health benefit unless a
deficiency is demonstrated. Vitamin C
was listed as one of the top supplements consumed, despite the fact that only one
to two percent of students in this age group are deficient in Vitamin C.
Other
reasons for taking dietary supplements were to increase both
energy and muscle strength. However, supplements have not been shown to
improve energy or increase muscle strength.
Reviews of
the literature have shown little benefit from vitamin or mineral supplements in
healthy adults. The financial cost and risk of harmful side effects from
overuse, such as liver or kidney damage, do not justify regular consumption.
Additionally, students may incorrectly think that these supplements make up for
unhealthy lifestyle choices.
The Bottom
Line: Dietary supplements in healthy
young adults are unlikely to improve general health or to increase energy.
Before beginning a dietary supplement, it is best to speak with your healthcare
provider to assess need. Instead of using supplements, aim to eat a balanced,
healthy diet that meets calorie needs and engage in regular physical activity to
improve health and increase energy levels.
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